Heatstroke is a serious and potentially life-threatening condition that can affect dogs, especially during hot weather. Unlike humans, dogs cannot regulate their body temperature as effectively, making them more susceptible to overheating. Recognising the signs of heatstroke early can save your dog’s life. Here’s what you need to know.
What is Heatstroke?
Heatstroke occurs when a dog’s body temperature rises above the normal range (38.3–39.2°C) and their cooling mechanisms, such as panting, are overwhelmed. This can lead to severe organ damage and even death if not treated promptly.
Which Dogs Are at Risk?
While any dog can develop heatstroke, some are more at risk, including:
- Brachycephalic breeds: Dogs with short noses, like Bulldogs, Pugs, and Boxers.
- Older dogs or puppies: Their bodies are less efficient at regulating temperature.
- Overweight dogs: Extra body fat acts as insulation, trapping heat.
- Dogs with thick or dark coats: These absorb and retain heat more easily.
- Active dogs: Vigorous exercise in hot weather increases the risk.
Signs of Heatstroke in Dogs
Knowing the signs of heatstroke is crucial for early intervention. Look out for the following symptoms:
Early Signs:
- Excessive panting or difficulty breathing.
- Drooling more than usual.
- Bright red gums or tongue.
- Increased heart rate.
- Restlessness or agitation.
Advanced Signs:
- Weakness or lethargy.
- Vomiting or diarrhoea, sometimes with blood.
- Confusion or disorientation.
- Staggering or collapse.
- Seizures.
- Pale gums or tongue.
- Unconsciousness.
What to Do if You Suspect Heatstroke
If you think your dog is suffering from heatstroke, act quickly:
- Move them to a cool area: Take your dog out of the heat and into a shaded or air-conditioned space.
- Cool them down gradually: Use cool (not cold) water to wet their body, focusing on their paws, belly, and under their neck. Avoid using ice, as this can cause blood vessels to constrict and slow cooling.
- Offer water: Allow your dog to drink small amounts of cool water. Avoid forcing them to drink.
- Monitor their temperature: Use a rectal thermometer if available. Aim to bring their temperature down to 39°C.
- Seek veterinary care immediately: Even if your dog seems to recover, internal damage may have occurred.
Preventing Heatstroke in Dogs
Prevention is the best way to protect your dog from heatstroke. Follow these tips:
- Avoid exercise during the hottest parts of the day: Opt for early morning or late evening walks.
- Provide access to shade and water: Ensure your dog always has a cool place to rest and plenty of fresh water.
- Never leave your dog in a parked car: Even with windows cracked, the temperature inside a car can rise dangerously high within minutes.
- Use cooling products: Cooling mats, vests, and bandanas can help keep your dog comfortable.
- Be mindful of humidity: High humidity makes it harder for dogs to cool themselves through panting.
When to See a Veterinarian
If your dog shows any signs of heatstroke, don’t wait for symptoms to worsen. Prompt veterinary care can mean the difference between life and death. Always err on the side of caution and seek professional advice if you’re concerned.
Heatstroke is a preventable condition that all dog owners should take seriously. By recognising the signs and taking steps to keep your dog cool, you can ensure they stay safe and healthy during warm weather. Keep an eye on your furry friend and act quickly if you notice anything unusual.